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Climacteric: The phase of increased respiration found at the ripening of fruit and at senescence.* Fruits such as bananas and tomatoes are climacteric and can ripen off the plant if picked …

Ligulate: With a ligule; strap-shaped.* Each ‘petal’ on these flower heads is, in fact, a tiny separate flower called a ray floret. Each ray floret produces a long, yellow strap …

Cucullate: Hooded; shaped like a hood or cowl.* These Aconitum (monkshood) in the Garden Hall Courtyard have hooded flowers. *OED Online. Oxford University Press, June 2017.

Drupe: A fleshy, indehiscent fruit with a stony endocarp surrounding a usually single seed, as in a peach or cherry.* Summer is the time for eating many delicious drupes. Peaches, …

Umbrageous: Forming or affording shade; shady.* There’s nothing like enjoying an umbrageous old tree in the summer. *OED Online. Oxford University Press.

Whorl: A ring-like arrangement of similar parts arising from a common point or node; a verticil.* The leaves of this Veronicastrum virginicum (Culver’s root) are arranged in whorls at each node on the …

Gladiate: Sword-like in appearance.* The sword-shaped leaves of this Crocosmia ‘Lucifer’ are almost as striking as its bright red flowers. *Allaby, M. (2006). A dictionary of plant sciences (Revised ed.). …

Stoloniferous: Having stolons, horizontal, above-ground, creeping stems with roots and shoots forming at the nodes and the tip.* Strawberries and spider plants are both well known for reproducing by stolons. …

Frass: The excrement of larvæ; also, the refuse left behind by boring insects.* This year’s huge populations of caterpillars are producing large amounts of caterpillar frass. While the caterpillars may be …

Funiculus: The stalk by which an ovule or seed is connected to the placenta in the ovary. The funiculus acts like an umbilical cord, supplying the developing ovule and seed …